What to do in an emergency:
Priorities:
-assess the situation - do not put yourself in danger.
-make the area safe.
-assess all casualties and attend first to any unconscious casualties.
-send for help - do not delay.
Check for a response
Gently shake the casualty´s shoulders and ask loudly, "are you all right?" If there is no response, your priorities are to:
-shout for help
-open the airway
-check for normal breathing
-take appropiate action.
A- Airway
To open the airway:
-place your hand on the casualty´s forehead and gently tilt the head back;
-tilt the chin with two fingertips.
B- Breathing
Look, listen and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds:
-look for chest movement
-listen to the casualty´s mouth for breath sounds
-feel for air on your cheek.
If the casualty is breathing normally:
-place in the recovery position
- get help
-check for continued breathing.
If the casualty is not breathing normally:
-get help
-start chest compressions
C- CPR
-lean over the casualty and with your arms straight, press down on the centre of the breastbone 5-6cm, then release the pressure
-.repeat at a rate of about 100-120 times a minute
-after 30 compressions open the airway again
-pinch the casualty´s nose closed and allow the mouth to open,
-take a normal breath and place your mouth around the casualty´s mouth, making a good seal
-blow steadily into the mouth while watching for the chest rising
-remove your mouth from the casualty and watch for the chest falling
-give a second breath and then start 30 compressions again without delay
-continue with chest compressions and rescue breaths in a ratio of 30:2 until qualified help takes over or the casualty starts breathing normally.
Severe bleeding
The aim will be to control the bleeding and prevent infection.
-apply direct pressure to the wound
-raise and support the injured part (unless broken)
-apply a dressing and bandage firmly in place
Broken bones and spinal injuries
If a broken bone or spinal injury is suspected, obtain expert help. Do not move casualties unless they are in inmediate danger.
Burns
Burns can be serious so if in doubt, seek medical help. Cool the affected part of the body with cold water until pain is relieved. Throrough cooling may take 10 minutes or more, but this must not delay taking the casualty to hospital.
Certain chemicals may seriously irritate or damage the skin. Avoid contaminating yourself with the chemical. Treat in the same way as for other burns but flood the affected area with water for 20 minutes. Continue treatment even on the way to hospital, if necessary. Remove any contaminated clothing which is not stuck to the skin.
Eye injuries
All eye injuries are potentially serious. If there is something in the eye, wash out the eye with clean water or sterile fluid from a sealed container, to remove loose material. Do not attempt to remove anything that is embedded in the eye.
If chemicals are involved, flush the eye with water or sterile fluid for at least 10 minutes, while gently holding the eyelids open. Ask the casualty to hold a pad over the injuried eye and send them to hospital.
Record keeping
It is good practice to use a book for recording any incidents involving injuries or illness which you have attended. Include the following information in your entry:
-the date, time and place of the incident
-the name and job of the injured or ill person
-details of the injury/illness and any first aid given
-what happened to the casualty immediatly afterwards
-the name and signature of the person dealing with the incident.
Source:
Health and Safety Executive, Basic advice on first aid at work
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