THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM, THE HEART AND THE BLOOD

THE HEART

Valves (válvulas): 

-atrioventricular: tricuspid (tricúspide) and mitral

-semilunar: pulmonary (pulmonar) and aortic(aórtica). Valves prevent the backflow of blood (las válvulas previenen el retroceso de la sangre).

Right and left atrium/s (derecha e izquierda aurícula/s): upper receiving chambers (cámaras superiores receptoras).

Right and left ventricle/s (derecho e izquierdo ventrículo/s): responsible for the pumping action (responsables de la acción de bombeo).

THE CARDIAC CYCLE (from 1 heartbeat to another)

VOCABULARY

-MI: myocardial infarction (heart attack). (infarto de miocardio, ataque cardíaco).

-GTN: glyceril trinitrate, called nitrolingual. (nitroglicerina

-Thrombus (trombo).

-Coagulation-clot (coagulación-coágulo)

-Heparin e.g. warfarin (heparina)

-DVT: deep vein trombosis. (trombosis venosa profunda).

BLOOD

Functions:

-Transport (gases, nutrients, waste products, hormones, heat).

-Protection (leukocytes, antibodies, platelet factors...).

-Regulation (pH, water balance...)

Composition:

-Plasma, which is a clear extracellular fluid. Mixture of proteins (albumins, globulins, fibrinogen), amino acids, enzymes, nutrients, waste, hormones, gases and electrolytes.

-Formed elements: blood cells and platelets.

BLOOD CELLS on Prezi

Blood test

Blood cultures son lo que se conocen como hemocultivos, muestras que precisan una técnica aséptica pero también sirve como ejemplo para otras extracciones más comunes.

These are some of the blood samples that a doctor can ask for:

FBC or FBP (full blood count or full blood picture, the most common blood control).

U+E (electrolytes).

LFT (liver function test).

TFT (thyroid function test).
CRP ( general marker for inflammation and infection).
INR (coagulation, especially in people on warfarin).

B12Folate.

Ageing changes in the blood.

1. Rise in fibrinogen.

2. Rise in blood viscosity.

3. Rise in plasma viscosity.

4. Increased red blood cell rigidity.

5. Increased formation of fibrin degradation products.

6. Earlier activation of the coagulation system.

Vocabulary

-Haematocrit ( is the volume percentage (%) of red blood cells in blood).

-Haemopoiesis (production of the formed elements of blood).

-Erythropoesis (production of erythrocytes).

-Leukopoiesis (production of leukocytes).

-Thrombopoiesis (production of platelets in the blood).